Excellent tableau comparatif entre Bash (scripting shell) et PowerShell (scripting PowerShell
windows) qui peut être intéressant de voir si on connait l'un des deux langages et que l'on souhaite se mettre à l'autre !
Source : http://cecs.wright.edu/~pmateti/Courses/233/Labs/Scripting/bashVsPowerShellTable.html
| bash | PowerShell | Description |
Put a "shebang" at the beginning of the file: Change permissions on script file to allow execution. | Give the file a ps1 extension. For downloaded scripts, unblock the file under file properties in Windows Explorer. | Steps for making scripting files run. In PowerShell, the first time you do scripting, you will need to set the appropriate security settings: run PowerShell as administrator and type set-executionpolicy remotesigned. |
source (or) . | . | shell built-in: execute the commands in a file |
echo String | echo String (or)Write-Host String | Prints String to the screen. In PowerShell, Write-Hostforces the output to the screen instead of being a return value. |
var=0(No spaces around =) | $var = 0 | Creates a variable $var. In BASH, do not put whitespace around the equals sign, and do not use a $ in the variable assignment. |
let var=$var+5 (or) | $var += 5 | Add 5 to $var |
# comment | # comment | A comment |
= != | -eq -ne -ceq -cne | String comparisons. In BASH, be sure the strings litereals are in quotes. |
"" | gm | Get a list of non-static string members | |
[string] | gm -static | Get a list of static string members | |
${string#text_to_remove} | string.TrimStart("characters") | Removes the specified characters/text from the beginning of the string. |
${string%text_to_remove} | string.TrimEnd("characters") | Removes the specified characters/text from the end of the string. Suppose $fnm == helloThere.txt; then ${fnm%.???} is helloThere |
grep | select-string | print lines matching a pattern |
sed | -replace | performs string transformations |
true false | $true $false | Boolean literals |
-lt -gt -le -ge -eq -ne | -lt -gt -le -ge -eq -ne | Arithmetic relational operators |
-like | True if a string matches a wildcard pattern | |
-match | True if a string matches a regular expressions | |
Where-Object { condition } | Used to filter input by a condition. Remember that $_ refers to the current object being tested. | |
-z $var | $var -eq $null | True if $var is null |
-n $var | $var -ne $null | True if $var is not null (contains one or more characters) |
-o -a | -or -and | Logical or and and |
-e file | Test-Path file | True if file exists. |
! -e file | ! (Test-Path file) | True if file does not exist. |
-d file | file.PSISContainer | True if file is a directory. In PowerShell, if file is not a file variable, be sure to get the file object first with gi. |
-s file | True if file exists and has a size greater than zero. | |
file1 -nt file2 | True if file1 is newer (according to modification date) than file2 | |
file1 -ot file2 | True if file1 is older (according to modification date) than file2 | |
if [ condition ] | if (condition) { | If statement. In BASH, be sure to leave a space between the condition and the bracket. |
if [ condition ] | if (condition) { | If - else if - else statement |
var=0 | $var = 0 | Prints numbers 0 through 9. |
for ((i=0; i < 10; i++)) do | for ($i=0;$i -lt 10; $i++) | Prints numbers 0 through 9. |
for var in $array | foreach ($var in $array) | For each loop |
continue break | continue break | Loop controls: continue stops current loop iteration and begins the next; break exits the loop currently being executed. |
basename file | file.name | The name of file without the path. In PowerShell, remember to first get the file object. |
dirname file | file.directoryname | The name directory file is in. In PowerShell, remember to first get the file object. |
stat -c%s $file (or)$(stat -c%s $file) | file.length | The number of bytes in file. In PowerShell, remember to first get the file object. |
file.LastWriteTime | The last modified time for file. Remember to first get the file object. | |
files=`ls` (or)files=$(ls) (or)files=* | $files = Get-Item * | Store a list of the files in the current working directory in $files. In PowerShell, check out the -exclude flag as well as the Get-ChildItem cmdlet. |
| > >> 2> 2>> | | > >> 2> 2>> | Piping, output and error redirection. In BASH, output redirected to /dev/null is gone. In PowerShell, output redirected to $null is gone. |
printArg() | function printArg | function to print the first argument to the screen. |
return_five() | function return_five (or) return 5 | Function returns 5, which is printed after the function call. In PowerShell, any output in a function that is not caught is returned. The return statement merely ends the function. The return value of a BASH function is stored in the variable $?. |
ls | Listing of files. For bash, learn the options of -lisa, -r, -R. | |
ls | Listing of files. For PowerShell, learn -f, -r, -filter,and -exclude | |
tree | tree | Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path. |
cat | cat | List the contents of a file on the stdout |
more | more | List the contents of a file on the stdout, pausing after each page |
mkdir | mkdir | Creates a directory. |
rmdir | rmdir | Deletes a folder if it is empty |
pwd | pwd | print working directory |
cd | cd | Change the current directory to the one given as argument. |
pushd | pushd | Saves the current directory name on the stack, and then cd's the one given as argument. |
popd | popd | Pop off the top-most name on the stack, and then cd to it |
mv | mv | Moves or renames files. In PowerShell, check out the -force and -WhatIf flags. In BASH, check out the -f flag. |
cp -r | cp -r | Copies files and directory trees recursively. |
cp | cp | Copies files. In PowerShell, check out the -force and -WhatIf flags. In BASH, check out the -f flag. |
rm | rm | Deletes a file. Check out the -r flag. In PowerShell, check out the -force and -WhatIf flags. In BASH, check out the -f flag. |
cat | cat | show the contents of each file in sequence |
more | more | pagination |
rm | rm | Remove files |
ln | Link (hard or soft) to an existing file. | |
mklink | Link (hard or soft) to an existing file. Type cmd /c mklinkto use it in PowerShell | |
chmod | attrib | Change file permissions/attributes |
icacls | Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files | |
chown | icacls | Change ownership of a file. In PowerShell, multiple steps are necessary |
umask | get/set the file mode creation mask; packed vector of bits controlling the initial permissions on a newly created file | |
du | measure | Disk space Used. In PowerShell, try gci . -r | measure -property length -sum |
wc | Measure-Object | word count, etc. |
od | Octal dump of file content. Almost always used with -x for hexadecimal dump | |
tr | Translate/substitute characters; useful in improving interoperability | |
assoc | List associations of commands with extensions. Type cmd /c assoc to use it in PowerShell | |
file | Heuristically determine the type of file content | |
grep | select-string | Search for a string in a file's content. For now, learn it without regexp. |
find | gci | Locate a file. By name, etc. For now, learn it without regexp. |
which | Gives the full path name of a command | |
where | Gives the full path name of a command. Type cmd /c where to use it in PowerShell | |
diff | diff | List the differences between two text files |
cmp, diff | compare, diff | show the differences between two files |
gci . -r | sort length -descending | select -first 10 | get a list of the 10 largest files in the current directory (recursive) | |
vi | vim | A powerful text editor. For now, learn to edit simple text files with it. |
kate, leafpad | notepad | Simple text editors. |
emacs | emacs | A very powerful multi-purpose text editor. For now, learn to edit simple text files with it. |
time | Measure-Command | times commands, etc. |
ps | ps | shows current processes |
gps | sort ws | select -last 5 | Get a list of the 5 processes using the most memory | |
gsv | where {$_.Status -eq "Stopped"} | Get a list of stopped services | |
top | like ps, but with continuous updates | |
bg | place a STOPped process in the background | |
fg | bring a backgrounded process to foreground | |
kill | kill | kills a running program |
ltrace | show lib calls made | |
strace | show sys calls made | |
man | man | show reference pages |
set | set | set the values of shell variables |
set | gv | get and show the values of shell variables |
env | ls env:\ | lists the current environment variables |
$PATH | $env:path | the search path |
links | WWW/News/Mail browser | |
sftp, filezilla | filezilla | transfer files securely to/from a remote machine |
ssh, putty | sshclient, putty | remote login securely |
w | who is on the system, and what they are doing | |
df | gdr | show mounted volumes, etc. |
